Mutation effects refer to the changes in an organism's phenotype or characteristics that result from alterations in its genetic material. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation or chemicals. These mutations can have a variety of effects on an organism, ranging from no noticeable change to the development of diseases or genetic disorders. Researchers study mutation effects to better understand how genetic variations contribute to evolution, disease susceptibility, and other biological processes. This research can help in the development of new treatments or therapies for genetic disorders and diseases.